Primary Test of Nonverbal Intelligence (PTONI)

PTONI is an excellent way to assess reasoning abilities in young children. Each PTONI item requires the child to look at a series of pictures and point to the one that does not belong with the others. Items are arranged in order of difficulty--those at the beginning measure lower-order reasoning (e.g., visual and spatial perception), while those appearing later assess more complex cognitive skills (e.g., analogical thinking, sequential logic, and categorical formulation). The nonverbal format is especially appropriate for children with poorly developed language or motor skills. The test yields the Raw Score, Percentile Score, Intelligence Quotient and Mental Age Equivalent.